Evaluate the Role of Individuals in Bringing About the...

Evaluate the role of individuals in bringing about the changing influence of the Russian Communist Party, 1905-1945. – Jacob Marshall-Grint In the period 1905 to 1945 there was three key individuals that caused significant change in the influence of the Russian Communist Party: Lenin, Stalin and the Tsar. The influence of the party came in two main forms, political and public, which all three leaders changed in different ways. The most important individual in bringing about the change in influence is Vladimir Lenin, who brought about a sudden sharp rise in the party’s popularity. Following the 1917 October Revolution, Lenin became the leader of the Communist Party and greatly increased the party’s political influence with his ‘one†¦show more content†¦The decision of the Tsar to order his troops to fire upon peaceful protestors, at Bloody Sunday on 22nd January 1905, dramatically increased the popularity of the RCP and thus the public influence. Although not being the most important, Tsar Nicholas II was a key individual in bringing about the changing influence of the RCP, due to his actions acting as a springboard for Lenin. Following Lenin, Stalin played the biggest party in changing the party influence, both political and socially. During Stalin’s time in power, up to 1945, the influence of the party plummeted significantly, resulting in the RCP having no say in the country’s activities. Due to Stalin’s original ‘faà §ade’ of communism, until reaching power, and his actions once dictator, the party lost the ideological influence of the public. The RCP was in fact fully in charge of the country, however the party was fully controlled by Stalin, thus undermining their influence; this is shown by the ‘Great Purge’ of 1937, where Stalin â€Å"cleaned out’ the party. Thus, during Stalin’s rule, contrary to the faà §ade of power, both the political and social influence of the RCP plummeted to rock bottom. In conclusion, between 1905 and 1945, Lenin caused the greatest change in social influence, shown by bring the part to power with the support of theShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 PagesCultural differences A comparison of Russia and Japan Kristina Aksakova Exchange student Virrat, 2011 [pic][pic] Table of contents General information about Russia and Japan 4 Japan 4 Background 4 Tsunami Devastates Japan 5 History 6 Geographical facts 8 Demographical facts 9 Economic facts 11 FOREIGN RELATIONS 13 Governmental facts 15 Infrastructural facts 16 Russia 18 Background 18 History 18 Geographical factsRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagessubmarines to help guard convoys. * Several regiments of U.S. Marines were also dispatched to France. The British and French wanted U.S. * Units used to reinforce their troops already on the battle lines and not waste scarce shipping on bringing over supplies. * The U.S. rejected the first proposition and accepted the second. General John J. Pershing, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commander, refused to break up U.S. units to be used as reinforcements for British Empire and FrenchRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others

Life Span Development and Personality Essay - 764 Words

Life Span Development and Personality Paper on Oprah Winfrey La Traviata Smith Psych 300 October 31, 2011 Dr. Brian Hawkins Life Span Development and Personality Paper on Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was born as â€Å"Oprah Gail Winfrey† on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Born to a single teenage mother Vernita Lee and teenage father Vernon Winfrey, but was raised by her grandmother who lived in rural poverty stricken area of Mississippi. Oprah spent her first six years of life with her grandmother who taught her how to read by the age of three, and had her reciting bible verses so well that she was nicknamed â€Å"The Preacher† by the congregation of her grandmother’s church. At the age of six years old, Oprah was relocated†¦show more content†¦Oprah seem to preserve through it all with a strong foundation laid by her grandmother, the encouraging and support of her dad and even with current supporter and her best friend Gayle King. Oprah once admitted during a interview with Jet Magazine to channeling the energy and spirits of her role models such as: Sojourner Truth, Langston Hughes, Maya Angelou, and James Weldon Johnson, this helped her overcome her adversity of formative years and continue to use it as a guide in her success and fortunes as the wealthiest women in the world today. Theories of Personality Oprah has continually to displayed practicality of the cognitive-social theory and the humanistic theory. No matter what and through all of her mishaps or misfortune, Oprah has stayed true to herself and always strived towards her goal for the betterment for herself and others and has used her voice and media platform to express her passion for that. She has never has let her bad experiences robbed her of her ability to succeed and be productive in making a difference in someone else’s life. She is by far the best example of excelling in emotional intelligence to me. Theoretical approach Oprah’s success and achievements is also an example of interactionist approach, from poverty to wealth, from sexual abuse to social icon, and overcoming mistakes by hard work ethnics and efforts. She hasShow MoreRelatedLife Span Development and Personality Paper Psy3001451 Words   |  6 PagesLife Span Development and Personality Paper Princess Diana of Wales Melanie Gruber PSY/300 May 7, 2011 Professor Bell Life Span Development and Personality Paper: Princess Diana of Wales This paper will discuss the life span development and personality of Princess Diana of Wales. I could not think of a better person to speak of when it comes to an influential figure from the 20th century. She not only made an impact on her country, but she was a representation of class, elegance and graceRead MoreLife Span Development and Personality of Michael Jackson1131 Words   |  5 PagesLife Span Development and Personality of Michael Jackson Jesse Jackson Psy/304 February 4, 2001 Dr. Marcy Satan Life Span Development and Personality of Michael Jackson Introduction Michael Jackson was born August 29, 1958. Born the eighth of 10 children, Michael grew up in a working class family in a small three bedroom home in Gary, Indiana. As a child, Michael struggled with his fame. He never lived a normal childhood and throughout his adulthood he tried to recapture his lost youthRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. 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Discuss the influences of heredity and environment (including family and social support) onRead MoreBiological Influences On Personality : Temperament, Personality, And Life Span Development1030 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences on Personality: Temperament. Personality is not just something we learn, there are also biological influences that help shape a person’s personality. Our book refers to temperament as biologically based emotional and behavioral tendencies that are evident in early childhood (Cervone D., Pervin, 2015 p.488). Each article provided an insight on how biology plays an important role in our personality/temperament. In the article Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span developmentRead MoreLife Span Development and Personality: Amelia Earhart Psy 3001076 Words   |  5 PagesLife Span Development and Personality: Amelia Earhart â€Å"The woman who can create her own job is the woman who will win fame and fortune† (Amelia Earhart). 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The Concept of Racism and Abuse of Power in Our Society free essay sample

This paper will use the movie Crash (Haggis, 2005) to examine the concept of racism and abuse of power in our society. Haggis demonstrates how everyone’s lives are intertwined and how the powerfully destructive impact of racist views impede ones ability to function justly. Madeline Leningers theory on transcultural nursing along with the RNAO guidelines and an article called Racism and Its Implications in Ethical-Moral Reasoning in Nursing Practice: A tentative approach to a largely unexplored topic written by Maya Shaha (1998) will help exhibit the repercussions racism has for nurses and the many other health care professionals. Brief Summary of the Movie The film Crash (Higgins, 2005) displays how numerous unrelated peoples lives entwine with one another while dealing with stressed racial situations. There is a Caucasian District attorney who is using race as his agenda. His wife and him are carjacked by two black men. The two young black men use their race to their advantage and as an excuse to commit crimes. The D. A’s wife feels that she is not racist but justified in her thought process as she knew that situation would happen. She also does not trust the Hispanic locksmith changing her locks after the incident, and verbalizes her feelings in front of him, making him feel degraded. There is a black film director and his black wife that feels he is demeaning his race and â€Å"acting† white to fit in with the film industry he works for. When they are pulled over by two white police constables she gets violated by one who is racist and is abusing his power. The husband stands back and watches in fear of being shot, and the wife feels as though he does not care. A Parisian store owner, who is often misidentified as being Middle Eastern, gets into an altercation with the Hispanic locksmith as he does not understand what the locksmith is telling him about changing his locks. The Parisians store gets robbed and he attempts to take it out on the Hispanic locksmith with intentions of shooting him. At the end of the film when there is an actual crash the white racist police constable reaches into an overturned vehicle in flames to discover it’s the black female he violated who does not trust him to safely remove her and freaks out. Nursing Implications Racism as defined by Dictionary. com (2014) states that is â€Å" a belief or doctrine that inherits differences among the various races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that ones own race is superior and has the right to rule others†. Racism has been around for hundreds of years. There is no room for racism in nursing, although it does happen. The patients that nurses are treating are in a vulnerable state. They should be able to feel comfortable with their healthcare professional and should be able to trust them and the decisions they make regarding their care. The mission of the College of Nurses of Ontario is †to protect the public’s right to quality nursing services by providing leadership to the nursing profession in self-regulation (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2009, p. 2) and they define nursing as the therapeutic relationship that enables the client to attain, maintain or regain optimal function by promoting the client’s health through assessing, providing care for and treating the client’s health conditions. This is achieved by supportive, preventive, therapeutic, palliative and rehabilitative means. The relationship with an individual client may be a direct practice role or it may be indirect, by means of management, education or research roles (CNO, 2009, Para 4). If racism is present when a nurse is treating a patient then the care that they receive may not be in their best interest. The patient may not trust the nurse providing care, in the same way that the film depicted the fear of the female at the end of the film that he violated. He abused his power and lost her trust due to his racist views and actions. As a nurse you are meant to use your position and knowledge to help educate your patient, not to instil fear in them. There are different situations that may arise in nursing with regards to racism. There may be nurse-patient racism, patient-nurse racism, patient-patient racism, and nurse-nurse racism. All of these types of scenarios that may present themselves do not result in the best care for a client. Being exposed to racism in the health care field can lead to stress related to making ethical decisions. A racist mind-set may be articulated through negative remarks about culturally different clients. Shaha (1998) states that According to Leininger, nurses’ ethnocentric attitudes towards culturally different clients may result in difficulties in nurse–client relationships. Such difficulties may have an ethical–moral dimension. In maintaining an ethnocentric attitude towards these clients, nurses may violate their dignity and autonomy (Leininger, 1991 as cited by Shaha, 1998). In the first type of scenario, if a nurse is racist towards a patient they may not take their cultural beliefs or rituals seriously, which my damage the trust you have with that patient. A nurse needs to be culturally aware when dealing with different races. Leninger (1991) describes it best when she writes that transcultural nursing is a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities (culture universal) and differences (culture-specific) across human groups. Furthermore, Leininger (1999) illustrates that our biases and prejudice usually come from distorted misinterpretation of past experiences or pure lack of knowledge, without any logical reason at all. As a nurse you cannot impose your beliefs on your patient. You need to remain open-minded and assist them with their own beliefs. In the second type of scenario, if a patient is racist towards their nurse it may be harmful to their health as they may not take the nurse or healthcare professional’s advice. Health Care professionals should not have to deal with racism in the workforce from their patients or from co-workers. That being said the nurse needs to be compassionate and understand that the patient might not be aware of what they are saying. If the patient is aware of what they are saying the nurse should try not to take it personally and should remain professional when dealing with the patient. If this is not possible than the nurse should attempt to find someone else to provide the patients care. In the last two scenarios, with patient-patient or nurse-nurse racism, the tension present causes an uncomfortable environment to work in. It creates stress among the other patients or staff working. Any issues amongst co-workers or between clients should be addressed immediately to avoid any further complications, such as arguments or abuse. In order to defeat racism in nursing one must be aware of their views on different cultures along with their views on their own culture. Nurses need to have respect for their patients’ beliefs and provide care to them regardless of their ethnic origin. Today’s society is rapidly growing and nurses need to be able to meet the needs of culturally diverse patients. They need to understand the differences in numerous ethnicities and develop strategies to use the resources available to overcome misunderstandings they may have. If nurses do not change any ethnocentric views they may have it may hinder care as â€Å"Maintaining an ethnocentric attitude towards culturally different clients will also hinder the building of a therapeutic nurse–client relationship, which is believed to be supportive in delivering care† (Shaha, 1998). The registered Nurses Association of Ontario discusses how culturally diverse the Canadian population is becoming with immigration and mentions that the newer generations, which are combined of numerous cultures, will not only be accessing our health care system but will also potentially become our future nurses. It is important to be open-minded as â€Å"They bring with them different cultural norms and traditions, different values and beliefs about health and about illness and its treatment, all of which will influence their views about health care delivery in general, and nursing in particular† (RNAO,2007, pg 17, para 2). It is important to remain unbiased as there is a â€Å"Correlation between nurses’ ego-defensiveness and their attitudes in caring for these clients, that there is a correlation between the closed mindedness of nurses and their attitudes, and that both ego-defensiveness and open–closed mindedness together have an effect on the attitudes of nurses towards culturally different clients† (Shaha, 1998, p. 141). Ways to remain open minded are outlined in the RNAO’s best practice Guidelines. See appendix A. Assumptions and Learning My assumptions about the topic of racism were correct. I assumed that it was present in numerous aspects of life. Although it is not as predominant as it once was it still does occur. I did not however assume that there was racism present in the nursing field. As a nurse you are meant to provide client based care regardless of age, race, sex, religion or any other factors. After reading the article Racism and Its Implications in Ethical-Moral Reasoning in Nursing Practice: A tentative approach to a largely unexplored topic and relating it to the numerous theories on racism and ethnocentrism I am now more aware of racisms presence in the nursing field. I was naive in thinking that everyone that became a nurse was neutral in their thought processes. I was also naive in not acknowledging my own prejudices. It is human nature to have preconceived notions based on a lack of knowledge and understanding. Being human I am guilty of being prejudice. The key is being aware of this knowledge gap and correcting it. I have been prejudice in my past and it was simply because of my numerous undesirable previous experiences. As earlier stated prejudice usually come from distorted misinterpretation of past experiences or pure lack of knowledge (Leninger, 1999). I have had numerous unpleasant encounters with males of Middle Eastern descent and as a result I have unintentionally avoided situations where I would have to interact with them. It is completely unfair and unwarranted to assume that all males of that Middle Eastern descent act similarly. In order to correct my preconception, I am currently making friends with a male from Pakistan that is in my Interprofessional health class. I am asking questions in an attempt to learn more about his culture and rituals, in hopes that this will rid me of my bias. It is important to remove this bias as I will encounter numerous cultures in my future nursing career. My assumptions were wrong about racism in nursing and I have learned about the types of racism that are present in the health care system and the implications associated with racism. I have learned the importance of being aware of my own biased views and will continue to address any issues I may encounter in the future. General Public/Societal View Based on the film Crash (2005), it would appear that racism is not okay, but the topic gets â€Å"swept under the rug† as it is a sensitive subject. Racism and it unmerited negative side effects are discussed regularly and society has come a long way but society also needs to realize that it still does occur. It brings to the forefront the concept of nature versus nurture. Is it something we are born with? If not, and we are taught racism through our peers, families and media exposure we should be working to eliminate it. I feel that it has a lot to do with what one is exposed to as a child and the way they one is brought up. Why is there still racism occurring and why do we see it in the health care field? We see it because of the ignorance associated with the touchy subject. It needs to be brought front and center for the issue to fully be abolished Personal Views and Strategies My views on the topic of racism in nursing have changed from unaware to informed. I am now more aware of the detrimental effects racism plays in the world of nursing. I am also aware of the lack of knowledge other people may also be experience and the importance of the theories that have been put in place to address this issue. The movie Crash displays just how often racism occurs in society and how it affects many people but is not addressed. In the future to ensure that I continue to be open-minded and respectful when learning about other cultures I will attempt to make my nursing actions culture specific. Firstly, I need to acknowledge my own feelings and behaviours toward working with clients, families and colleagues who have different cultural backgrounds, health behaviours, belief systems, and work practices. In order to do this I will need to read and learn about different cultures. By reading about different cultures I will be more prepared when I first encounter that culture. I will continue to complete self-reflections to assist in evaluating my response to different cultures that I encounter. By completing self reflections and incorporating feedback from peers I will be able to evaluate if my views have changed and it will ensure that I stay on track and remain open-minded. It is important that I am aware of my own views of differences among people, and reflect on how my own biases, personal values and beliefs may affect others. I will also ensure that I am aware of the disparities and determinants of health such as income, self-perception, education, gender and culture that exist for various populations, and understand the factors and processes that contribute to them. Being aware of these inconsistencies will in turn allow me to be familiar with how culture and diversity influence behaviours and interactions. I will â€Å"Develop and apply cultural competence knowledge and skills in the areas of communication, care planning, conflict resolution and change management† as per the RNAO (2007) guidelines. It is also important to educate those I am surrounded by about the issues of racism in nursing and in society to help bring awareness to the issue. By completing the self reflections, becoming aware of my own biases, and being aware of the differences in various cultures I will be able to provide impartial care to my patients and will continue to be respectful and unprejudiced. Conclusion Racism is prevalent in society and in the health care field. It is imperative to be aware of ones own biases to avoid incurring unequal care to ones patients. It is essential to continually educate oneself on the numerous cultures in society and learn about the differences present. As a nurse I will continue to learn and be open-minded. Education and knowledge is key in eliminating racism from society. Appendix A Individual Recommendations For each individual, embracing diversity means development of the following competencies and behaviours. RECOMMENDATION 1. Self Awareness – To learn to embrace diversity in individuals: 1. Perform self-reflection of one’s own values/beliefs, incorporating feedback from peers. 2. Express an awareness of one’s own views of differences among people (e. g. different opinions, different world views, different races, different values, and different views of society). 3. State and continually explore, through reflection and feedback, how one’s own biases, personal values, and beliefs, affect others. 4. Identify cultural differences among clients and colleagues in the practice setting. 5. Acknowledge one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working with clients, families and colleagues who have different cultural backgrounds, health behaviours, belief systems, and work practices. Explore one’s strategies for resolving conflicts that arise between self and colleagues and/or clients from diverse groups. 7. Identify and seek guidance, support, knowledge and skills from role models who demonstrate cultural proficiency. 8. Recognize and address inequitable, discriminatory, and/or racist behaviours or institutional practices when they occur. 9. Acknowledge the presence or absence of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds at all levels in the workplace, reflecting the cultural makeup of the clients or community being served. Reflect and act on ways to be inclusive in all aspects of ones practice. 2. Communication – To develop communication skills that promote culturally diverse settings: 1. Are aware of different communication styles and the influence of culture on communication. 2. Are aware of one’s preferred communication style, its strengths and limitations, and how it affects colleagues and recipients of care. 3. Seek feedback from clients and colleagues, and participate in communication validation exercises (e. g. role-playing exercises, case studies). Use a range of communication skills to effectively communicate with clients and colleagues (e. g. empathetic listening, reflecting, non-judgmental open-ended questioning). 5. Seek and participate in learning opportunities that include a focus on communication and diversity. 3. New Learning – To attain cultural competence in individuals: 1. Acquire knowledge of the range of cultural norms, beliefs and values relevant to clients and colleagues as a starting point to foster understanding – and further inquiry. Are aware of the disparities (e. g. health outcomes, access to care, economics, job opportunities) that exist for diverse populations, and understand the factors and processes that contribute to them. 3. Recognize how culture and diversity influence behaviours and interactions. 4. Develop and apply cultural competence knowledge and skills in the areas of communication, care planning, conflict resolution and change management. 5. Access, utilize, and partner with cultural resources. Anticipated Outcomes: A workforce composed of nurses who are open-minded, inclusive, and respectful of all colleagues and recipients of nursing services. Individual members of the workforce identify and are co-operative with one another to address barriers to equity and diversity, and build practice environments in which every person’s contribution is valued thus allowing the full potential of all to be maximized. These individuals refuse to participate in discrimination, harassment or bullying and address the issue in a way.

Endangered Species Study Jaguars Essay Example For Students

Endangered Species Study: Jaguars Essay Endangered Species Study: Jaguars Essay I. The jaguars of Central and South America have been being killed for game and protection.This cat used to have homes around the United States to Uruguay, but ever since the fears of extinction the jaguars have moved to the undeveloped rain forests in Latin America.Jaguars are being killed due to many people fearing for their own lives and many are also being killed to protect cattle. Jaguars do stalk and ambush their prey, however, they rarely ever attack man. One of the main reasons that jaguars are still living is that they can adapt to many habitats, from tropical rain forests and swampy areas to scrub lands and grasslands. II. Jaguars are part of the life cycle of many species. Killing jaguars for protection and furs are ruining other species that live in the same range as them. These cats are of no harm to human life, most deaths that jaguars have had a part in were to protect themselves from being killed. Many jaguars just disappear from the pressures of being killed. While the animal is trying to change habitats they have died. The rain forests that the jaguars inhabit are being torn down to open up lumbering, farming, livestock raising, and other activities carried out by humans. Killing a jaguar is taking away a life that is doing no harm to the eco-system. A jaguars way of living is much like that of a human, you dont see jaguars killing humans for their skin. III. Any endangered specie, including the jaguar, has many different alternatives in which the government or a national group would have to be involved. There are several organizations that help the breeding and life of many species. One way of breeding a specific species would be to freeze sperm and embryos so that scientists may breed more of the species when they are close to extinction. IV. I feel that the jaguar can be saved by forcing contractors to move their construction to a different place rather than a rain forest so that the jaguars may maintain their habitat. Scientists could also freeze sperm and embryos in order to keep the population of jaguars to a safe level. One last thing that I think should be outlawed ispoaching. Poaching is not right, these animals that are being killed have no right to be killed. Jaguars have done rarely anything to hurt mankind or any of mankinds environment. BIBLIOGRAPHY McClung, Robert M. Vanishing Wildlife of Latin America. New York: William and Morrow, 1981 Comptons NewMedia Encyclopedia Jaguar. Comptons NewMedia Inc. , 1992,1994 Social Issues .

Greenhouse Essays - Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases,

Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. ?The glass? lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This increase could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost if not totally wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Disease that were down in Mexico will maybe occur in The Carolinas or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses than before. The financial problem with this is, that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage of food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can?t predict exactly what the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting with computers what the climate was in the past. Then by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The "Topex" (Topographic Experiment) satellite has been collecting information on the changes of the sea level, and temperatures across the globe and the amount of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Each day the satellite makes 500,000 measurements, each at a different place on the earth. Measurements are all made between 66 degrees north and south latitudes.1 The Cretaceous occurred over 100 million years ago. It was the warmest period we have knowledge of yet. There was so much carbon dioxide in the air that the oceans rose many meters. North America was flooded and split apart into two pieces. The temperature then was more than fifteen degrees greater than the average temperature today. Scientists believe that the tilt of the earth's axis changes to tilt the opposite way every 10,000 years like a cycle. While going through this cycle it will change the climate of areas. Right now it is moving so that North America

Total quality management origins and evolution of the term

Total quality management origins and evolution of the term Article title – Total quality management: origins and evolution of the term Authors of the article – Angel R. Martinez, Lorente Frank Dewhurst and Barrie G Date The article was written in 1998.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Total quality management: origins and evolution of the term specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article’s central concern and its relation to International Business Course The broad area covered in this article is the origins of the term Total Quality Management (TQM) and a clarification on the divergent definitions of the term TQM offered by business academics and practitioners, highlighting the specific contributions made by the key proponents towards the development of the term TQM. The main dimensions, components, practices and mechanisms of TQM are also explored with a comparative analogy on how they have been integrated in different business cultures. This relat es TQM to quality management tools and techniques, in that it has erected a standardized quality assurance platform upon which both national and international business corporations and institutions can be gauged, to ensure customer satisfaction, employee motivation at optimal production cost. This article talks about the origins, development and applications of both conventional and upcoming quality management dimensions to guarantee customer satisfaction and optimal production cost. I like this article; this is due to the fact that it embraces a holistic approach to management practices which provide an avenue for quality assurance and business proficiency. Key learning points; Origins of TQM, Components of TQM, Benchmarking, Quality control, development of TQM, Cultural differences, TQM gurus As a corollary in the analysis of the origins and evolution of the term total quality management, the central concern is the incorporation of quality management components in every corporate institute for quality assurance.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relevant statements to the article In the global marketplace increased levels of competition have resulted in quality becoming of increasing importance to organizations and consequently total quality management (TQM) has become a key management issue. This highlights the strategic utility value of TQM in perfecting corporate efficiency, competitiveness and survival in the business arena. It can be argued that many of the TQM dimensions outlined in Table 1 were being applied by organizations before the TQM movement appeared; consequently, it is not easy to establish the exact date of birth of the term TQM. Perhaps, the main reason for the origin of the term TQM could be a substitution ion the previously used tern of total quality control (TQC), the word â€Å"control† by â€Å"manageme nt† with the reasoning that quality is not just a matter of control, it has to be managed. These two statements describe the progressive and sequential historical development of TQM, from the informal deliberative stage of 1960s to the current concrete TQM concept. In the USA the development of quality management resulted from the penetration of its markets by Japanese products which started in the 1970s, together with the impact of the writings of Crosby, Deming, Feigenbaum and Juran. Japanese companies have developed their own approach to TQC, based on the teachings of Deming and Juran, shaping it to suit their own culture and operating environment along with the development of a new set of tools, techniques and operating systems.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Total quality management: origins and evolution of the term specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A brief comparison of the ideas of these five qual ity gurus (Crosby, Deming, Feigenbaum, Ishikawa and Juran) in relation to the TQM dimensions that were introduced in table (I) is made in table (IV). It can be seen that the need of top management support and the importance of management support and the importance of customer relationship is shared by all. Bench-marking is not considered by any of them, perhaps because this technique came to the fore when they already had a well-proven approach to quality management. The three preceding statements point at the collaborative role of quality gurus facilitating cultural transfer of quality management concepts around the globe. This paper has considered the evolution of the elements, practices and mechanisms that define TQM. It has been shown that, while the term TQM only began to be popularized in the second half of the 1980s, many of the elements that have shaped it were developed early, during the 1950s to 1970s. Most theoretical developments in the advancement of the concept have be en made in the USA whereas Japan has held the initiative in terms of application. The paper also indicated a lack of a total agreement about how to apply TQM, as supported by the differences in the views of the leading quality management gurus. For example, the need for focus on workforce management is widely accepted but the proposed ways in which to apply this form of management are different. Other elements of TQM, such as benchmarking and supply chain management, are not considered in any detail by the shapers of the TQM concept.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Differences in the application TQM amongst different countries also appear to exist. Since the culture of the company influences the approach to the application of TQM, different countries with different cultures apply TQM in different ways. However as we approach the end of the century economies and societies are becoming increasingly inter-related and these differences are diminishing. These three preceding statements sum up the historical evolution in the development of TQM. Critical analysis Yes, I am happy about what I have read. This is because, this seminal work is comprehensive in its exposition on the; origins, stages of development, components, practices and cultural transfer of top quality management (TQM) in the business fraternity. TQM has proved to be a fitting tool of leverage between corporate profit maximization drive and the inherent consumer satisfaction desires, by ensuring that every corporation meets certain threshold quality assurance standards. The elucidatio n of the components of top quality management, embraces a holistic approach- universally acclaimed- to institutional and business quality checks and balances. Nonetheless, the paper does not highlight the current noble areas of achievement upon the implementation of TQM in business and corporate entities, thus the taste of authenticity and applicability in the business platform is missing to a certain measure. Applying the subject matter of the article to a real life business case TQM can be employed by business managers and executives in providing a leading role quality assurance; whereby strategic and effective decisions would be made concerning employee motivation, customer satisfaction and the central aim of optimized business profit gains. Employing the statistical tools in the product design process, quality data sampling and reporting in businesses ensure mistake proof process flow and an informed awareness on the viability of business ventures- cushioning the business agains t unforeseen risks. The establishment of a quality assurance department in any business does provide the necessary; link between the executive and employees, cross-cutting monitory services for all the departments of the business, thus, ensuring quality service delivery to all the stakeholders of the business. What I have learned I have established the origin, development and the various components of TQM from this article. The article has opened my horizons on the cultural impact and collaboration on the development of TQM as a global concept in managerial practices. Practicing executives can harness the seminal propositions advanced in this TQM article by taking the market advantage through offering quality services to their clients.

Thoughts about Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thoughts about Facebook - Essay Example This is evidenced by how students use Facebook to learn more about an area that is unique to them. The main attraction of young generation to Facebook is its ability to sell out individuals photos to the world (Dowens 1). With Facebook, people including old persons post their pictures on their respective profiles enhancing identity. Currently, communication is very easy. This is as a result of introduction of Facebook. This is evidenced by the diverse number of groups created and posted on Facebook. Communication to colleagues as well as specific persons in life is possible via Facebook. Additionally, Facebook enhances awareness through providing updates regarding nations and eminent people in the world (Dowens 1). It is the one that has enhanced many politicians such as President Obama to secure their jobs; it is used as a campaign platform. There are also some bad things about Facebook. For instance, it is evident that there is too much noise in Facebook. This is evidenced by occasional and useless notifications from unknown persons. The acceptance of notifications as well as new friends result to problems such as people unknown to you chat and comment carelessly on your posts. With Facebook privacy is jeopardized. Facebook provides lots of information about its users. Privacy has been worsened by businesses and institutions that seek popularity through this network system (Dowens 1). It is also evident that most people are attacked because of the information they have provided in the network. It is also evident that there are some dirty minds that take part in Facebook. This is evidenced by dirty pictures as well as posts posted on the site. Most of the parents might not find it interesting to see their children getting exposed to inappropriate pictures in the site. Some rumors spread via Facebook can be heartbreaking in addition to long lasting. For